https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/assertion https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5565-7155 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-7955 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-8630 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-7081 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher https://ror.org/01zh4s520 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fair/ff/terms/article https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#FAIRDigitalObject https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Landscape fires are a major source of greenhouse gases and other atmospheric constituents. Most global inventories of landscape fire emissions have converged at around 2 petagram of carbon (Pg C) y−1 since satellite information on burned areas became available in the early 2000s. These emission estimates are known to be uncertain, and studies using satellite measurements of column carbon monoxide or aerosol optical depth found that emissions from regional fire complexes often exceed estimates from global inventories. Here we describe the development of the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5), which incorporates new information on burned area, improved modelling of fuel loadings, and new emission factors. GFED5 total global landscape fire carbon emissions are 3.4 Pg C y−1 (2002–2022 average) and closer in line with atmospheric constraints for several key fire events than its predecessor GFED4s. This new landscape fire emission dataset advances and extends the record needed to improve dynamic fire models and interpret the burden, impacts, growth rates, and variability of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Landscape fire emissions from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w https://schema.org/funder https://ror.org/021nxhr62 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#hasMetadata https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#contactPoint guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#endDate 28 November 2025 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#startDate 2024 https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/pubinfo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Emily Regalado https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-07-08T15:32:02.649Z https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RACJ58Gvyn91LqCKIO9zu1eijDQIeEff28iyDrJgjSJF8 https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RArM5GTwgxg9qslGX-XiQ-KTTUwdoM0KB1YqmT4GqTizA https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxzr6UBGMW6c8tegz0babaledWUEQ0PLDE4tp7Iinbe2DZtAtY5JUptKYuStWDZx+QER4808P8dejNWRnBDzgthYJm/AyNSXflHSJhz2+NC+h7RylOLxbwLEQocmyKKiYxa2gT85m6ajVL2M6TnfG67nnK+K2f7iCGL6wYXRITD1q+7+5SWqBdDXIV921W4IKWaD2GJk+NRBoOqQhbsrk8Tn5XsNd7DMYVHk47oMDGbeBnrOIoRPsbBgAcoCsxxhiB9yN6Lf8EUbnlXVEDzJuZk048L1BDZL+6nkA8btTQGP2ijUFWA7rTrod3LjUDQWLZS95njjl867dtmv/znYkzwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature dqhaMEv5RcateRhKkxBZV+NOlsSgjDXaQ32rcM+7DxeARIgEAxNdux9trqwRBzBXsc/SJ7yOpMU9cTSmv9IQH1AzjAbSR4xvUqszidBz9e9PKzXBF5ZP2sOv0yoF9GhG8yWuZdOxnQ8bjle3zBimXn+uXzOETaYQ/I5E4ZeBpTnSoeimLooFaTbNsUPNwJgFQZSSwBVR7P0fD37COAJrWASnhOOFei+yt3m6Ox5BeBUkVdgEXmKPx8fH8enHjI9TpgendMSgQy6Ol7AjYoWndkH2U6uxvgZLe6UwJRQXSt3Q/7NmehGGXJjwPBU0P4Ph2UILvfKEcbUmhb4dquDq1g== https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow https://w3id.org/np/RAIhl4ggi_v39V0aO5PCUqUEOwRfWWXjbtcDkhLACyjow/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742