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Scattering-transform gap-filling of Copernicus L3S SST achieves 0.989 K RMSE against the L4 reference
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The replication supports Delouis et al. 2022's generalisation claim across domain boundaries. Using the authors' own FOSCAT software (specifically following Jean-Marc Delouis's IGARSS 2024 Pangeo tutorial workflow), scattering-transform synthesis fills cloud gaps in Copernicus Marine sea surface temperature observations to within 1 K of an operational gap-free analysis product, and outperforms a standard spherical-harmonic interpolation baseline by approximately an order of magnitude. The framework's applicability to oceanographic Earth observation is therefore concretely demonstrated, not only argued.
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Single-day experiment on Copernicus Marine SST for 2026-04-01. Inputs: L3S PMW (cmems_obs-sst_glo_phy_l3s_pmw_P1D-m) with cloud gaps, L4 analysis (cmems_obs-sst_glo_phy-temp_nrt_P1D-m) as gap-free reference, both at 0.25° native resolution and downgraded to HEALPix nside=32 (12,288 cells). FOSCAT scattering synthesis: NORIENT=4, KERNELSZ=3, 300 L-BFGS iterations, ~139 seconds on CPU (Apple M1 Pro). Validation against L4 in cloudy regions only:\n\n- Spherical-harmonic baseline RMSE: 11.46 K\n- FOSCAT RMSE: 0.989 K\n- Improvement: 91.4%\n\nFull results JSON archived at Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.19686691.
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Three caveats limit the strength of the conclusion: (1) Single-date evaluation. Only one day (2026-04-01) of L3S/L4 SST was tested; cloud distribution, ocean regimes, and the gap pattern vary across days and seasons, so a multi-day study would strengthen the result. (2) Lower-than-paper resolution. nside=32 (~6° angular resolution) was used for CPU runtime; the original paper operates at nside=256, and the WGS84 follow-up study (fiesta-scattering-sst-healpix-geo) shows the framework's behaviour can change at higher resolution. (3) L4 as ground truth. The 0.989 K RMSE is computed against the L4 operational analysis product, not against in-situ measurements; L4 itself is an interpolation of observations and may have systematic biases that propagate into the apparent 'truth'.
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