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Open AccessReview
Prescribed Fire Smoke: A Review of Composition, Measurement Methods, and Analysis
by Kayode I. Fesomade 1,2ORCID andRobert A. Walker 1,2,*ORCID
1
Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
2
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fire 2025, 8(7), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8070241
Submission received: 30 April 2025 / Revised: 16 June 2025 / Accepted: 17 June 2025 / Published: 20 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Fire Science Models, Remote Sensing, and Data)
Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes
Abstract
Prescribed fire has become an increasingly important strategy for removing biomass from forests and mitigating the risk of severe wildfire. When considering where and to what extent prescribed fire should be applied, land resource managers must consider a host of concerns including biomass density, moisture content, and meteorological conditions. These variables will not only affect how effective the burn will be, but also what sort of smoke is produced by the prescribed fire and how that smoke impacts individuals and local communities. After briefly summarizing how prescribed fire practices have evolved, this review describes how the properties of prescribed fire smoke depend on prescribed fire conditions and the methods used to measure molecular and particulate species in prescribed fire smoke. The closing section of this review identifies areas where advances in smoke monitoring and characterization can continue to improve our understanding of prescribed fire behavior.
Keywords: prescribed fire; wildfire; smoke; particulate matter; emission factor; measurement; modified combustion efficiency; carbon budget. Major findings: Prescribed fire is a vital strategy for managing forests and reducing wildfire danger by clearing away excess plants through low-intensity, controlled burns that produce significantly less harmful smoke than major wildfires. This review highlights how using high-tech monitoring tools to track specific chemicals like CO2 and particulate matter helps experts protect community air quality while making local ecosystems more resilient to future disasters.""";
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