https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/assertion https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-8735 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1364 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-9774 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-7634 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-5311 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-9124 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/language https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LaISO639-1-LanguageCodes/en https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher https://ror.org/03ttqt747 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331559 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fair/ff/terms/article https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#FAIRDigitalObject https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The freeze-thaw cycle of near-surface soils significantly affects energy and water exchanges between the atmosphere and land surface. Passive microwave remote sensing is commonly used to observe the freeze-thaw state. However, existing algorithms face challenges in accurately monitoring near-surface soil freeze/thaw in alpine zones. This article proposes a framework for enhancing freeze/thaw detection capability in alpine zones, focusing on band combination selection and parameterization. The proposed framework was tested in the three river source region (TRSR) of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Results indicate that the framework effectively monitors the freeze/thaw state, identifying horizontal polarization brightness temperature at 18.7 GHz (TB18.7H) and 23.8 GHz (TB23.8H) as the optimal band combinations for freeze/thaw discrimination in the TRSR. The framework enhances the accuracy of the freeze/thaw discrimination for both 0 and 5-cm soil depths. In particular, the monitoring accuracy for 0-cm soil shows a more significant improvement, with an overall discrimination accuracy of 90.02%, and discrimination accuracies of 93.52% for frozen soil and 84.68% for thawed soil, respectively. Furthermore, the framework outperformed traditional methods in monitoring the freeze-thaw cycle, reducing root mean square errors for the number of freezing days, initial freezing date, and thawing date by 16.75, 6.35, and 12.56 days, respectively. The estimated frozen days correlate well with both the permafrost distribution map and the annual mean ground temperature distribution map. This study offers a practical solution for monitoring the freeze/thaw cycle in alpine zones, providing crucial technical support for studies on regional climate change and land surface processes. The findings show that the use of satellite microwave signals at 18.7 GHz and 23.8 GHz provides highly accurate tracking of ground freezing and thawing in mountain regions. This method reaches 90% accuracy at the soil surface and identifies seasonal changes much more reliably than older tools. These precise measurements help track how environmental changes affect water and land in cold, high-altitude climates. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#hasMetadata https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#contactPoint xzhou@mtech.edu https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#endDate 2024-11-08 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#startDate 2023-08-01 https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/pubinfo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Emily Regalado https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-01-14T01:16:04.471Z https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA0J4vUn_dekg-U1kK3AOEt02p9mT2WO03uGxLDec1jLw https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RArM5GTwgxg9qslGX-XiQ-KTTUwdoM0KB1YqmT4GqTizA https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxzr6UBGMW6c8tegz0babaledWUEQ0PLDE4tp7Iinbe2DZtAtY5JUptKYuStWDZx+QER4808P8dejNWRnBDzgthYJm/AyNSXflHSJhz2+NC+h7RylOLxbwLEQocmyKKiYxa2gT85m6ajVL2M6TnfG67nnK+K2f7iCGL6wYXRITD1q+7+5SWqBdDXIV921W4IKWaD2GJk+NRBoOqQhbsrk8Tn5XsNd7DMYVHk47oMDGbeBnrOIoRPsbBgAcoCsxxhiB9yN6Lf8EUbnlXVEDzJuZk048L1BDZL+6nkA8btTQGP2ijUFWA7rTrod3LjUDQWLZS95njjl867dtmv/znYkzwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature pNIcIQ7g+CI7CnHYLlvQ6aD0lmsSg7zav1E25qZ//ILMbFE03nkP2rV9fqwIzc9Zi66jF9hXmLRMXH+hwV/Pybz3WcHEDiU6eDdH/zpRZY6F94nRX5JL16e/qDJ1gEx86VKRjhO6PG/5YV4F7na3FdBCW/9BHo4K+uEogTHh/d9BUylvhGA7HABPL1z5dEjZwtffYwGo+4XAE1+/mkssIdoA41me3jFrnVKgyP2up1HqOsKSSeknvxEdGgb6kVPJwnAqTMVvg5jYl3kh6ykJ6GwuV2ADw3dRpAkoeHPLF4mEu//9XqO6ucLtqyHgHZ4w+1fmNpvciJOhb3wnKG7/MA== https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc https://w3id.org/np/RAQKvNcrwTdNEghRkA70GwLnTHlEinTGFnSDhYkWbScSc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742