rows { options { physical_type: PHYSICAL_STREAM_TYPE_QUADS max_name_table_size: 128 max_prefix_table_size: 16 max_datatype_table_size: 16 logical_type: LOGICAL_STREAM_TYPE_DATASETS version: 2 } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/np/" } } rows { name { value: "RAWctWLVOkH90Z-3ahK17bANfGnNhuXP0oU3mCYYg5Q0U" } } rows { namespace { name: "this" value { prefix_id: 1 } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/np/RAWctWLVOkH90Z-3ahK17bANfGnNhuXP0oU3mCYYg5Q0U/" } } rows { name { } } rows { namespace { name: "sub" value { prefix_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#" } } rows { namespace { name: "np" value { prefix_id: 3 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" } } rows { namespace { name: "dct" value { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" } } rows { namespace { name: "xsd" value { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" } } rows { namespace { name: "rdfs" value { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" } } rows { namespace { name: "prov" value { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/" } } rows { namespace { name: "npx" value { prefix_id: 8 name_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "hasAssertion" } } rows { name { value: "assertion" } } rows { name { value: "Head" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 1 name_id: 1 } p_iri { prefix_id: 3 name_id: 3 } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 } g_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "hasProvenance" } } rows { name { value: "provenance" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 3 } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "hasPublicationInfo" } } rows { name { value: "pubinfo" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 3 } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" } } rows { name { value: "type" } } rows { name { value: "Nanopublication" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 9 } o_iri { prefix_id: 3 } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://doi.org/10.48550/" } } rows { name { value: "arXiv.2505.07554" } } rows { name { value: "title" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 10 } p_iri { prefix_id: 4 } o_literal { lex: "Integrating Structured Knowledge Graph Representations into Frozen Large Language Models" } g_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 4 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://purl.org/spar/cito/" } } rows { name { value: "describes" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://neverblink.eu/ontologies/llm-kg/methods#" } } rows { name { value: "PerozziEtAl2025KGGraphToken" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 name_id: 14 } o_iri { prefix_id: 12 } } } rows { name { value: "discusses" } } rows { name { value: "CoT" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 } o_iri { prefix_id: 12 } } } rows { name { value: "CoTBaG" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "FewShot" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "PromptTuning" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "ZeroCoT" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "ZeroShot" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "Entity" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 23 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://purl.org/spar/fabio/" } } rows { name { value: "Workflow" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 17 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { name { value: "label" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 } o_literal { lex: "CoT" } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 18 } p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 } o_literal { lex: "CoT-BaG" } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 19 } p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 } o_literal { lex: "Few-Shot" } } } rows { name { value: "subject" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://neverblink.eu/ontologies/llm-kg/categories#" } } rows { name { value: "KGEnhancedLLMInference" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 15 } p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 26 } o_iri { prefix_id: 14 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { name { value: "comment" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 28 } o_literal { lex: "This method introduces a novel technique for directly integrating structured Knowledge Graph (KG) representations into frozen Large Language Models (LLMs). It extends the GraphToken framework to KGs by leveraging Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) models to generate structured tokens from KG information. These tokens are concatenated with the natural language query and fed into the frozen LLM at inference time, enhancing the LLM\'s reasoning capabilities without requiring LLM fine-tuning or prompt engineering." } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 25 } o_literal { lex: "KG-GraphToken" } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://neverblink.eu/ontologies/llm-kg/" } } rows { name { value: "hasTopCategory" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://neverblink.eu/ontologies/llm-kg/top-categories#" } } rows { name { value: "KGEnhancedLLM" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 29 } o_iri { prefix_id: 16 } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 20 } p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 } o_literal { lex: "Prompt Tuning" } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 21 } p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 } o_literal { lex: "Zero-CoT" } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 12 name_id: 22 } p_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 24 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 } o_literal { lex: "Zero-Shot" } } } rows { name { value: "wasAttributedTo" } } rows { name { value: "agent" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 4 } p_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 31 } o_iri { prefix_id: 15 } g_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 7 } } } rows { name { value: "wasDerivedFrom" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 33 } o_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 12 } } } rows { name { value: "created" } } rows { datatype { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 1 name_id: 1 } p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 34 } o_literal { lex: "2026-02-26T15:24:26.860Z" datatype: 1 } g_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 9 } } } rows { name { value: "creator" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 35 } o_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 32 } } } rows { name { value: "hasNanopubType" } } rows { name { value: "PaperAssessmentResult" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 8 name_id: 36 } o_iri { prefix_id: 15 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 25 } o_literal { lex: "LLM-KG assessment for paper 10.48550/arXiv.2505.07554" } } } rows { name { value: "sig" } } rows { name { value: "hasAlgorithm" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 38 } p_iri { prefix_id: 8 } o_literal { lex: "RSA" } } } rows { name { value: "hasPublicKey" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAwNz2QK3SEifno78S7+48zUB0xpTex3mAzW73ZimHqNcdEMU5/apslrGrTHGFAt/Chocgo++r6JQp5ygY7NyJHGWdaIqnt85pjX4PbNfLAvapyUO00qZP34fY61w4eZ9UMtleWEsmZKRtQPyJ8ODl46i/rfPuZlcJGpM9Nmy5mpGWuepqIEvF4a/t7pLVeCEDFSYXT+yaiygt6ynIK5f7TtEDhZpeUf/Q74WhMPJXm4yTU/hqOX4IW+50kWHNArGGZwUaXwzyG6M3Zd6UMModryGkLqS4H/MSE3ZA1Ylnms7BfWLEXhMWlaKi6HRV4nGRDLhxVSi9LSRi3LWKLhNIIQIDAQAB" } } } rows { name { value: "hasSignature" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "CWrfkeJus40dUkcRBYlKbVHSjtjA2PtiSyxrL0tR2hyfY3fQmNBhfSfckb/e335RTtBJ+NbXeqda4EHdPaEF0tdd9O5UOkSpbZP4YDqf0muy0Tu73GrkSBh9RVEPrxYQlGZwAr2M68A6HWs8ZfFCfDd4xo51mdpxuWr2MSvPyubL6F1HY7OmTwyFhxexkhBUtFSkhE7H/j5PScZRtYMRLhhrWm72ZmhYP0gp3FPv8DyD9k6Cq2L9Te8d0fPRd9Jht7jOHgis19f0bEnVCxfypnltF7TdcumXQ1tHUt4LWFqi4iB8sma+658pI0n/8cLcdbBpgYHYKnks+wKIPQQLBg==" } } } rows { name { value: "hasSignatureTarget" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_iri { prefix_id: 1 name_id: 1 } } } rows { name { value: "signedBy" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 8 name_id: 43 } o_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 32 } } }