https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/10747392 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The freeze-thaw cycle of near-surface soils significantly affects energy and water exchanges between the atmosphere and land surface. Passive microwave remote sensing is commonly used to observe the freeze-thaw state. However, existing algorithms face challenges in accurately monitoring near-surface soil freeze/thaw in alpine zones. This article proposes a framework for enhancing freeze/thaw detection capability in alpine zones, focusing on band combination selection and parameterization. The proposed framework was tested in the three river source region (TRSR) of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Results indicate that the framework effectively monitors the freeze/thaw state, identifying horizontal polarization brightness temperature at 18.7 GHz (TB18.7H) and 23.8 GHz (TB23.8H) as the optimal band combinations for freeze/thaw discrimination in the TRSR. The framework enhances the accuracy of the freeze/thaw discrimination for both 0 and 5-cm soil depths. In particular, the monitoring accuracy for 0-cm soil shows a more significant improvement, with an overall discrimination accuracy of 90.02%, and discrimination accuracies of 93.52% for frozen soil and 84.68% for thawed soil, respectively. Furthermore, the framework outperformed traditional methods in monitoring the freeze-thaw cycle, reducing root mean square errors for the number of freezing days, initial freezing date, and thawing date by 16.75, 6.35, and 12.56 days, respectively. The estimated frozen days correlate well with both the permafrost distribution map and the annual mean ground temperature distribution map. This study offers a practical solution for monitoring the freeze/thaw cycle in alpine zones, providing crucial technical support for studies on regional climate change and land surface processes. https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/10747392 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001066 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/10747392 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label A Surface Freeze-Thaw Cycle Detecting Framework Based on Passive Microwave Data for the Alpine Zone: A Case Study of Three River Source Region in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/10747392 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747392 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/10747392 https://schema.org/about http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q199687 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/pubinfo http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q199687 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/hasLabelFromApi remote sensing - acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, especially the Earth https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Emily Regalado https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2025-11-21T18:44:36.606Z https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001066 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/10747392 https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://w3id.org/np/RA2DPEHeIM5Td9FtZV-oQ2FuMx2OEv3hdy_YT-vyz_t2M https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA0J4vUn_dekg-U1kK3AOEt02p9mT2WO03uGxLDec1jLw https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RARW4MsFkHuwjycNElvEVtuMjpf4yWDL10-0C5l2MqqRQ https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA_-u1WDZMlRI3wB8qu_dmae6WSz0PKEF8h6jV1tpxOIk https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxzr6UBGMW6c8tegz0babaledWUEQ0PLDE4tp7Iinbe2DZtAtY5JUptKYuStWDZx+QER4808P8dejNWRnBDzgthYJm/AyNSXflHSJhz2+NC+h7RylOLxbwLEQocmyKKiYxa2gT85m6ajVL2M6TnfG67nnK+K2f7iCGL6wYXRITD1q+7+5SWqBdDXIV921W4IKWaD2GJk+NRBoOqQhbsrk8Tn5XsNd7DMYVHk47oMDGbeBnrOIoRPsbBgAcoCsxxhiB9yN6Lf8EUbnlXVEDzJuZk048L1BDZL+6nkA8btTQGP2ijUFWA7rTrod3LjUDQWLZS95njjl867dtmv/znYkzwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature MnnPzpjs490j10kF+HNjvdgW3DVrdvhCMXuZwIqj1JrqWue0eSiEf1Dif6d+ldIRWHeDcfB4/t/xG/vcTB4JlFbGnsxAf5rjOYorCc+UtFKrYiTeb6jlm1rAv9W3B97cbOKSKIvuPvuzhLTuD545jqGmWpjoIMeHy+4PxXYYpGcR7Cmcrg8gS4ZcecHo0t7Tb5et1nillgXSXmjspiQsDdjwclunqiAYl87QOmvCqFedxuWtcwGQolIVMOt9j6JF16hr0Mh7eTC4KG4zJJVgUe0rZRNHNHNPmPrUnN4Rmih+0xPr2ZaQAudVUWFFaaYNh337mXqgxqvua3V6fbzdmg== https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc https://w3id.org/np/RA_khUN4JHpmaoqktO7ZZv3GpYU5BYpJBhYcNY0qFBHgc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742