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They test it again, carefully — in a new place, with different equipment. That re-testing is called replication, and it is how science checks itself. The question: A satellite called Sentinel-2 takes pictures of Earth from space. Can it measure the quality of water in an estuary (where a river meets the sea) — using only free software that anyone can download? The test: The team measured two things from space and checked them against real measurements made in the water: how cloudy or muddy the water was, and how much tiny green algae it contained. If the satellite's numbers matched the real ones, the method works. The result: For muddiness, the satellite got it right. For algae, it got it wrong — in this murky water it simply could not measure the algae reliably. Same satellite, same water, but one answer you can trust and one you cannot. The big lesson: a tool can be excellent at one job and unreliable at another. Never assume — test each use on its own. 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